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Researchers Start Pilot Project Testing 'Smart' Appliances by Shannon Dininny, Associated Press Seattle Post-Intelligencer, December 19, 2005

RICHLAND, Wash. -- It happens all the time. A tree falls on a major electrical line. Or a power plant unexpectedly goes off-line.

Those everyday blips in the nation's power supply can leave the power grid vulnerable to demanding consumers who expect to be able to flip a light switch at any time.

But what if your appliances could sense the stress and reduce their power usage to help stabilize the system? Imagine a dryer that turns off its heating unit for a few minutes to momentarily conserve power, while still tumbling your clothes to avoid wrinkles. Or a refrigerator smart enough to know when - and when not - to defrost the freezer.

Researchers who have been working to develop just such appliances are ready to roll out a pilot project testing their usage and consumers' reaction in a few select Northwest communities. Free dryer, anyone?

"It's not about saving power overall, but saving power when you most need it - at times of high pressure on the power grid," said Robert Pratt, a staff scientist at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory operated by Battelle.

Pratt likened the technology to "shock absorbers" for the electrical grid.

"You can still keep the lights on - cheaper and better - if you build in some shocks," Pratt said. "We want to show there are no hiccups with the technology. But we're also trying to show that nobody notices if the heating element on their dryer is shut off for 5 minutes."

For several years, researchers at the lab have been developing a circuit board that, when inserted into appliances, could monitor the frequency of the power grid through the electrical outlet. Now, those researchers are testing the project by issuing free dryers to dozens of consumers with high-speed Internet access in several Northwest cities: Yakima, Shelton, Sequim and Port Angeles in Washington state, as well as Gresham, Ore. Some residents also will receive similar monitors for their water heaters. The pilot project was made possible by $1.5 million from the Energy Department.

The idea of appliances talking to the grid and vice versa is a new dimension in the power industry that is just beginning to take off, said Steve Hauser, executive director of the GridWise Alliance, a Washington, D.C-based industry association of about 20 member companies and utilities.

In its second year, the group has been pushing for more grid-friendly technology.

"Right now, the real flexibility in meeting future demands in the power system is on better management of the demand side. Basically, we've not done a very good job of that," said Hauser, who previously worked at the laboratory.

Demand for electricity has increased about 1.7 percent each year, but the nation's utilities have boosted power supply by only about .5 percent each year, said Clark Gellings, vice president of innovation for the Electric Power Research Institute in Palo Alto, Calif., a research and development collaborative sponsored by the country's electric utilities.

Meanwhile, inflation-adjusted investment in the nation's transmission system is at its lowest point since the Depression.

"That's a formula for failure somewhere along the line," Gellings said. New technologies, such as the grid-friendly appliances, could reduce the need for some of those upgrades in both transmission and distribution, he said.

Transmission is a key concern for PacifiCorp, a Portland, Ore., utility that serves six Western states. The utility has been helping the lab find residents to participate in the project.

"Most consumers don't understand how the power grid works. They have a vague notion that it carries bulk power from somewhere else to their region and are confident that as long as it works OK, they are serviced by it," said Dave Kvamme, PacifiCorp spokesman. "In reality, the operation of the grid is very complex, and if we have one more tool in keeping the grid stable and acting more effectively, we have taken another step toward improving service."

In a second pilot project on the Olympic Peninsula, residents will be installing Internet systems that will alert them to the price and demand of power. Those who choose to delay their power usage to avoid peak demand times could earn money back from the lab.

When it comes to new power technology, Gellings said, research has shown consumers fall into one of four categories: tech-savvy, practical, apathetic and adamantly opposed to change.

The research suggests that if some signal were sent to a home to suggest energy prices were higher at a given moment, about half would reduce consumption in those periods by as much as 10 percent. Add in opportunities for more efficiency standards for appliances - where little research is being conducted - and great strides could be made to improve the quality and cost of energy, Gellings said.

Involving residential consumers in the research is crucial, said Jennifer Thorne Amann, senior associate for the Washington, D.C.-based American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy.

In the past, there seemed to be a belief that residential customers are less flexible, she said, unlike commercial businesses that may pay a charge for using power at times of peak demand.

"We're recognizing that there are price signals and other signals that even residential customers can be responsive to," Amann said. "It will be interesting to see to what extent consumers are responding to information they're getting, or to what extent they'll be willing to turn over control of some of their appliances."

Related Sites:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory: www.pnl.gov
PacifiCorp: www.pacificorp.com
Electric Power Research Institute: www.epri.com
American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy: www.aceee.org
Grid-Wise Alliance: www.gridwise.org